ASSIGNMENT
CHAPTER 15
Chapter
Review Pages 812 – 813
Discovering
Computer (“Living In the Digital World 2011”)
Lecture : Mr.
Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir, M.Sc
Student
: Williem
[1701309721]
1. What Career Opportunities Are Available in the
Computer Industry?
·
3D Animation or
Graphic design
Description: A
position where you design and create either a graphic or 3D animations for
software programs, games, movies, web pages, etc. Position may also require
that you work on existing graphics, animations, movies, etc. done by other
people.
Description: Helping
customers with general questions relating to the company, ordering, status on
orders, account information or status, etc.
·
Data Entry
Description: A
job that commonly requires the employee to take information from a hard
copy or other source and enter it into an electronic format. Position may
also be taking electronic data and entering it into a database for
easy sorting and locating.
Description: A
job that requires creating, testing, and maintaining one or more database.
Description: An
engineer is someone who is at the top of their class and almost always someone
who has or is working on a college degree or several certifications. Although
used broadly in this document, the engineer is usually specified in the job
requirement. For example, a software development engineer may be a highly
skilled computer programmer.
Description: Thanks
to the Internet its possible for anyone to become a freelancer and
apply for one of the millions of positions available around the Internet. See
our how to make money on the Internet page for a listing of online
services that list work available for freelancers.
Description: A
position as a hardware designer, circuit design, embedded systems, firmware,
etc. is a job that requires you to design and create a complete hardware
package or portions of a hardware device.
Description: Computer
networking jobs involve designing, setting up, and maintaining a network.
Description: A
job that requires the development or continued development and maintenance of a
software program.
Description: This
job requires that the employee test out all features of a product for any
problems or usability issues.
Description: A
job that requires you to fix and repair computer and computer equipment. Often
this involves removing a component from within the computer and replacing it
with a good component.
Description: Selling
a product or service to another person or company.
Description: Helping
an end-user or company employee with their computers, software program, and
hardware device. A technical support position is a great first step for people
interested in working in the computer industry.
Description: This
position often involves creating or editing technical papers or manuals.
Description: Test
and find vulnerabilities in a system, hardware device, or software program.
Description: A
job where a person creates, maintains, or completely designs a web page.
2.
What Are the
Functions of Jobs in an IT Department?
|
Application Systems Analysis
|
Conducts technical analysis of application systems and
specification of technical requirements for maintenance/enhancement
activities.
|
|
Application Systems Development/Maintenance
|
Designs technical specifications
and programming of application components for distributed applications.
Monitors, updates and maintains applications.
|
|
Business Systems Analysis
|
Formulates and defines
systems scope and objectives through research and fact-finding combined with
an understanding of applicable business systems and industry requirements.
Includes analysis of business and user needs, documenting requirements, and
revising existing system logic difficulties as necessary.
|
|
Computer Operations
|
Monitors several
servers, storage devices, and other input and output equipment. Executes
backup and recovery procedures. Manages input and output media. Alerts
technical support staff when problems occur. Escalates issues as appropriate.
Monitors facility security.
|
|
Data Input
|
Verifies and corrects
source documents. Inputs data from source documents.
|
|
Data Warehouse Administration
|
Designs and maintains
database architecture, metadata, and data repositories.
|
|
Database Administration
|
Administers
computerized databases. Directs backup and recovery of data and efficient and
appropriate use of DBMS software and services.
|
|
Database Analysis/Design
|
Designs databases by
working with users to develop data requirements. Creates and maintains
database dictionaries, and assures efficient and appropriate use of DBMS
software and services.
|
|
Decision Support Analysis
|
Analyzes and fulfills
user requests for information from university and other data sources.
|
|
Department IT Administration
|
Administers information
technology functions including but not limited to network
management/administration, systems analysis, web, programming, database
administration, server administration, computer and auxiliary operations.
|
|
Department Network Administration
|
Administers network
activities and functions for a designated department or program. Uses
information, software, hardware, policies, and procedures to plan, configure,
operate, optimize, and troubleshoot networks of communicating devices.
Coordinates activities with personnel at all levels including other campus
network managers and core network administrators.
|
|
Documentation/Technical Writing
|
Develops and implements
printed and online documentation including programming and operations
documents, user manuals, and help screens.
|
|
End User Support
|
Provides first level
automation support to unit/department. May include evaluation of
hardware/software needs, training/documentation of automated processes and
general computer support.
|
|
Help Desk/Information Center
|
Identifies,
prioritizes, and resolves reported problems including voice, data, account
administration, email, desktop, and institutional applications issues. Works
with other support and technology groups to manage an effective triage and
resolution procedure.
|
|
Information Security
|
Ensures the safety of
information and information systems. Protects systems from intentional or
inadvertent access or destruction. Identifies and establishes necessary
campus policies and procedures.
|
|
Information Systems Auditing
|
Ensures that
appropriate controls exist, that processing is efficient and accurate, and
that information systems procedures are in compliance with institutional
standards.
|
|
IT Project Management
|
Executes and develops
project plans, goals, and budgets. Identifies resources required for complex
information technology projects. Guides and performs strategic analysis for
projects.
|
|
IT Staff Supervision
|
Provides direction,
coaching, staff development, training and mentoring to assigned staff.
Supervises two or more full-time employees, or their equivalent, on a regular
basis. Makes decisions regarding hiring, evaluation, promotion and
termination of employees, or makes related recommendations that are given
particular weight.
|
|
Network Administration
|
Plans, designs, and
implements communications networks for voice and data. Coordinates day-to-day
operations, maintenance, monitoring, software installation, protocol
configuration, and problem resolution.
|
|
Network Planning
|
Identifies changes and
trends in network (routers, hubs, etc.) and systems technology. Develops
relevant plans and proposals for the incorporation of trends into the campus
infrastructure.
|
|
Network Security Administration
|
Plans, designs, and
implements security procedures and standards for the data network.
Coordinates day-to-day operations, maintenance, monitoring, software
installation, protocol configuration, and problem resolution specifically
focused on preventing and responding to security breaches.
|
|
Operating System Administration
|
Administers and directs
installation, maintenance, configuration and integrity of operating system
software. Administers network and disk configuration, data backup, security,
software patches and upgrades.
|
|
Operations Administration
|
Administers, monitors
and directs all aspects of the daily operation for data centers or similar
operations. Assures appropriate input and back-up procedures are followed.
Updates procedures. Corrects errors, troubleshoots and contacts vendors or
systems staff as needed.
|
|
Operations Support
|
Provides technical
support for data center or similar operations.
|
|
Production Control
|
Schedules batch jobs.
Coordinates batch and online schedules. Performs basic quality assurance.
|
|
Research Computing: Graphics Consulting
|
Defines, designs,
purchases and implements 2D and 3D interactive graphics systems, software
tools and applications. Provides technical consulting and programming
expertise for scientific visualization, 2D and 3D computer graphics, and
virtual reality applications. Gives tours and demonstrations of virtual
reality and scientific visualization technology. Provides instruction in the
use of 3D graphics libraries, virtual reality programming libraries and
scientific visualization applications.
|
|
Research Computing: Statistical Analysis / User Support
|
Assists users with
experiment design, database design, software selection, data entry
specifications, data collection design and data analysis. Conducts tutorials
and workshops. Provides statistical and application support.
|
|
Research Computing: Systems Analysis / User Support
|
Designs, implements and
supports new and High Performance Computing (HPC) ( i.e.. supercomputer)
technologies. Designs, purchases and implements hardware and software tools
and applications. Designs, implements and supports grid computing technology.
Evaluates, extends and implements grid computing systems. Provides FORTRAN,
user, grid application and programming support.
|
|
Research Computing: Workstation Support
|
Installs and configures
UNIX / Linux operating systems including network and security. Designs,
purchases and implements workstations. Installs and operates applications.
|
|
Server Administration
|
Designs server hardware
configurations. Monitors and maintains server hardware. Coordinates procurement,
maintenance and repair operations with vendors.
|
|
Systems Programming
|
Designs, develops and
supports operating system utilities, messaging applications, and middleware
systems. Installs and coordinates configuration of software packages.
|
|
Training
|
Conducts training and
educational programs for information systems or user personnel.
|
|
Web Administration
|
Coordinates the
integration of the web with other computer systems. Reviews web sites for
adherence to organization specifications and standards. Troubleshoots
system-related problems as needed.
|
|
Web Development/Maintenance
|
Designs and builds web
pages using a variety of graphics software applications, techniques, and
tools. Designs develops, and maintains user interface features and web page
content.
|
|
Workstation Support
|
Provides workstation
hardware and software technical support including peripherals such as
printers and handheld devices. Coordinates acquisition, installation, and
upgrades of end user hardware and software. Provides access to shared file,
print, and backup services. May support applications. Assists with end user
questions and problems. Researches and recommends new technology.
|
3. How Are Trade Schools Different from Colleges?
Trade school:
Technical schools teach the science behind the occupation, while vocational
schools focus on hands-on application of skills needed to do the job. You may
earn a diploma or a certificate, prepare for a licensing exam, or study to
begin work as an apprentice or journeyman in a skilled trade, offers programs
primarily in the areas of programming, Web design and development, graphics
design, hardware maintenance, networking, personal computer support, and security.
Students learn specific skills instead of taking a broad range of science and
humanities courses, which can result in time savings for students.
4. How Are the Various College Computer-Related Courses
of Study Different?
Three broad
disciplines in higher education produce the majority of entry- level employees
in the computer industry.
·
Computer
information systems (CIS), or information technology (IT), programs teach
technical knowledge and skills and focus on how to apply these skills.
·
Computer
science (CS) programs stress the theoretical side of programming and operating
systems, computer science as a theoretical study of computation and algorithmic
reasoning. These programs often feature the theory of
computation, analysis of algorithms, formal methods, concurrency
theory, databases, computer graphics, and systems analysis,
among others. They typically also teach computer programming, but treat it
as a vessel for the support of other fields of computer science rather than a
central focus of high-level study.
·
Computer
engineering (CE) is a discipline that integrates several fields
of electrical engineering and computer science required to
develop computer hardware and software. Computer engineers usually have
training in electronic engineering (or electrical
engineering), software design, and hardware-software integration instead
of only software engineering or electronic engineering. Computer engineers are
involved in many hardware and software aspects of computing, from the design of
individual microprocessors, personal computers,
and supercomputers, to circuit design. This field of engineering not
only focuses on how computer systems themselves work, but also how they
integrate into the larger picture.
5. How Can People Stay Current with Changing
Technology?
A.
Get your hands
on the new technology as soon as you can. Go to your local office supply
store to test out display models. Find a friend or coworker who can give
you a quick demo of their latest gadget or device.
B.
Beta test new
versions of software you use. A lot of software companies will offer a
beta version of new software that you can demo or try for free even before the
initial release to the public. Test them out on your home computer so
you’re already a proficient user when the upgrade finally rolls out at the
office. Most IT departments will look for internal staff to help beta
test software for the company before it’s rolled out company-wide. Talk
with your IT staff and find out how you can be included in those opportunities
at the office, too. Volunteer to test it out at your desk first.
C.
Utilize the free
online training tutorials and resources offered by many software and technology
companies to help get you started. YouTube.com is also packed full
of free training and demonstrations if you search for them. Microsoft
also provides extensive free online training for all of their Office suite
programs. You know your coworkers are going to be asking you questions about
the software when they start using it anyway, so get a head start and begin
mastering it as soon as you possibly can.
D.
Research
software packages that you need to learn to remain competitive and LEARN THEM. Consider
website development training – basic website development, basic HTML, and
blogging. Learn how to utilize social media for business use. Almost
every company is utilizing or shifting to web-based, collaborative platforms,
and you need to understand how to use these technologies. Master the core
Microsoft Office software programs, then dive into learning the premium suite
programs that accompany it. If some of these skills haven’t shown up in your
job description yet, it’s just a matter of time before they do.
E.
Talk to
recruiters and human resources professionals to find out what skills their
clients are looking for. Comb through the help wanted ads and job
boards to see what skills are in demand for the types of positions you
desire. Ask your executives what skills they’d like you to develop
further as you continue to support them. Better yet, assemble your list and
give them some ideas of what you’d like to pursue and why.
F.
Watch the events
section of your area newspapers for networking events or open houses hosted by
local technology service providers or community colleges. I love to
attend technology related events where I can see the demos and try it for
myself. A lot of times I’m the ONLY administrative professional in the
room full of I.T. professionals. Sometimes I feel very out of place. But
I view scoping out the latest technology and resources for my executives so I
can tackle it before they start asking me questions about it as part of my
responsibility. I’ll take feeling a bit out of my comfort zone any day
over feeling completely ignorant when I’m asked a question about technology my
executives need help with.
G. Subscribe to free newsletters or blog RSS feeds for
technology based websites and publications
6. What Are the Benefits of Certification for
Employers, Employees, and Vendors?
·
For
employers:
Certification is
the objective, measurable way to ensure a professional employer has the
knowledge to practice competently. Certification in something demonstrates a
person who get certified has both specialized knowledge and experience, certification
ensures quality workmanship standards and can help keep their workforce up to
date with respect to computers and technology.
·
For
employees,
Certification can
enhance careers, provide better standing as industry professionals, and
increase salaries.
·
For
vendors,
Certification is
a form of industry self-regulation that sets computer profession- also
competence standards and raises the level of expertise and knowledge in the IT
industry as a whole.
7. How Can People Prepare for Certification?
1) Take every practice test you can get your hands on.
I’ve taken many certification tests over
the years, and in my opinion, this is the No. 1 thing you can do to help your
chances of passing.
Not only does working through practice
tests reinforce your knowledge of the subject, it puts you in an environment
similar to what you’ll face on test day. You will start to understand how the
test-writers think, and see the way in which questions are asked.
Practice tests can be found in books, on
CDs, and all over the Internet. Find them. Take them.
2) Time your tests.
You may not want to time your tests at
first, but eventually, make it a habit. If you spend four hours taking a
practice test that you will only have two hours to do in the testing center,
you’ll be in for a big shock when you run out of time halfway through your
exam.
Use a watch, kitchen timer, or your cell
phone’s stopwatch function. Just make sure you do it. Taking a test under time
pressure is completely different than strolling through the test, making sure
you analyze each question for 10 minutes before deciding on an answer.
3) Use multiple prep methods.
Don’t rely on just one certification
book. Go to forums on websites like certcities.com, mcpmag.com and brainbuzz.com and
talk to others who have taken the test recently. Find out what their experience
was like. Try out computer-based training from companies like CBT Nuggets.
Having multiple sources of information gives you a much better idea of what to
expect.
4) Get plenty of sleep the night before the test.
Does this sound obvious? Well, you’d be
surprised at how many people spend the night before a certification test
cramming, and show up at the test center bleary-eyed with their minds in a fog.
Studies have shown that being
well-rested is a key factor in doing well on a test. Your mind is clear and
refreshed, and you can focus and concentrate better, and for longer. Cramming
is good; just do it in the days preceding the test, not the night before.
That’s the time to recharge your internal batteries to go out and ace the exam.
5) Find a study group.
Remember how well study groups worked in
college? They work just as well when studying for a certification exam. Find a
group of fellow techies at work who might be working on the same test and study
during lunch, or on social sites like Craigslist. Also check out the forums on
sites from certification vendors like Microsoft, Cisco, Red
Hat, CompTIA and others.
6) Don’t take the test until you’re ready.
What I mean by this is that you
shouldn’t consider taking a certification exam until you have real-world
experience with the technology being tested. Make sure you have several years
of daily security experience.
Potential employers can usually sniff
out “paper” certification holders a mile away. Those are certified individuals
with no real-world experience; they passed the exam by studying books or
videos, or taking a class. Paper certification holders are not only unlikely to
get hired -- if they do somehow get a job, they’ll be completely unprepared to
perform their job duties, because they’ve never done it in a live environment.
8. What Are the General Areas of IT Certification?
Certifications
usually are classified based on the computer industry area to which they most
closely relate:
·
Application
software,
·
operating
systems,
·
programmer/developer,
·
hardware,
·
networking,
·
digital
forensics,
·
security,
·
the
Internet,
·
and
database systems.
9. What Are Some Specific IT Certifications in Each
Certification Area?
A.
Application
software certifications, sometimes called end-user certifications
·
Microsoft
Certified Application Specialist (MCAS),
·
Microsoft
Certified Application Professional (MCAP),
·
Microsoft
Certified Desktop Support Technician (MCDST),
·
Adobe
Certified Associate,
·
Adobe
Certified Expert (ACE),
·
Adobe
Certified Instructor (ACI)
·
IBM
Certified Professional for Lotus Software.
B.
Operating
system certifications include
·
IBM
Certified Specialist,
·
Microsoft
Certified IT Professional (MCITP),
·
Microsoft
Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS),
·
Novell
Certified Linux Professional (CLP),
·
Red
Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE),
·
Red
Hat Certified Technician (RHCT),
·
Sun
Certified System Administrator (SCSA).
C.
Programmer/developer
certifications include
·
Certified
Software Development Professional (CSDP),
·
IBM
Certified Solution Developer,
·
Microsoft
Certified Professional Developer (MCPD),
·
Sun
Certified Enterprise Architect (SCEA),
·
Sun
Certified Java Developer (SC J D),
·
Sun
Certified Java Programmer (SC J P),
·
Sun
Certified Mobile Application Developer (SCMAD).
D.
Hardware
certifications include
·
A
+,
·
Dell
Certified Systems Expert,
·
IBM
eServer Certified Specialist.
·
Networking
certifications include
·
Cisco
Certified Network Associate (CCNA),
·
Cisco
Certified Network Professional (CCNP),
·
Cisco
Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE),
·
Microsoft
Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA),
·
Network
+, Novell Certified Administrator (CNA),
·
Novell
Certified Engineer (NCE),
·
Sun
Certified Network Administrator (SCNA).
E.
Digital
forensics certifications include
·
Certified
Computer Examiner (CCE),
·
Certified
Computer Forensics Examiner (CCFE),
·
Certified
Electronic Evidence Collection Specialist (CEECS),
·
Certified
Information Forensics Investigator (CIFI).
F.
Security
certifications include
·
Certified
Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP),
·
Security
Certified Network Architect (SCNA),
·
Security
Certified Network Professional (SCNP),
·
Security
Certified Network Specialist (SCNS),
·
Systems
Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP).
·
Internet
certifications include Certified Internet Webmaster (CIW)
·
Certified
Web Professional (CWP).
G.
Database
certifications include
·
IBM
Certified Solutions Expert – DB2,
·
IBM
Certified Solutions Expert – Informix,
·
Microsoft
Certified IT Professional (MCITP),
·
Oracle
Certified Professional (OCP)
·
Sybase
Certified Professional.
